In this paper, we develop a novel IMGA approach for simulating incompressible and compressible flows around complex geometries represented by point clouds. Immersogeometric analysis (IMGA) is a geometrically flexible method that enables one to perform multiphysics analysis directly using complex computer-aided design (CAD) models. Numerical simulations also provide information on the mechanisms of aortic valve work in different states of the heart cycle.
Based on the parameters mentioned above, we found that the Ozaki case model behaved similarly to the mathematical model describing the normal case. We also reveal wall shear stress, von Mises stress, and displacement distributions. We performed a numerical analysis of aortic valve leaflet material models to describe the hemodynamics in normal, pathological, and Ozaki cases. Furthermore, selecting the most suitable model to describe the different conditions of the aortic valve is difficult. Nevertheless, the description of the material model for leaflet mechanics leaves an open question.
Numerical fluid simulations can help surgeons predict operation outcomes for each patient. Despite being a promising technique for aortic valve pathology treatment, there is a lack of long-term results and optimal selection of leaflet sizing. Recently, the Ozaki operation for aortic valve replacement using tissue from the autologous pericardium has been proposed. These types of surgery have numerous advantages and limitations. Surgeons can perform aortic valve replacement through traditional open-heart surgery involving a cut (incision) in the chest or use minimally invasive methods such as transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). This disease is the most prevalent heart valve pathology in developed countries. Long-term fiber tissue remodeling and the progressive thickening of the aortic valve leaflets called calcific aortic stenosis lead to cardiac blood outflow obstruction. The examples of square box, flower box, and L shape prove that the algorithm can predict the contour of the initial configuration and the formability of sheet metal stamping.
The Newton-Raphson iteration is used to calculate the blank shape and the thickness distribution of the stamping parts. A nonlinear equation system is established based on the principle of minimum potential energy. In addition, we propose a method that the external force of the punch is equivalent to the control point by means of Greville abscissae. It is proved applicable, even for the extremely curled parts which have negative angles and vertical walls. A combination of discrete surface Ricci flow algorithm and elastic iteration is proposed to predict the initial solution. In this paper, the discrete surface Ricci flow algorithm in computational conformal geometry is introduced as an unfolding algorithm for one-step inverse forming of isogeometric membrane elements. The isogeometric one-step inverse forming method aims to predict the shape of blanks and the formability of stamping parts using accurate geometry without meshing. This review analyzes computational approaches to biofabrication process modeling, design, and optimization with a focus on solutions explicitly accounting for biological complexity.
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To express their full potential, computational methods must factor in the biological complexity underlying biofabrication. On the other hand, computational approaches support biofabrication process modeling, design, and optimization of experimental activity to improve the quality of processes and products. While automation and digitalization support process execution, design, and innovation, they often work as tools for empirical, problem-specific, and operator-dependent approaches. Innovation in biofabrication is slow and incremental, relying on R&D processes that are inefficient (slow, risky, and costly), ineffective (products have sub-optimal quality), and challenging to replicate. Among its application domains, Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine poses strict quality requirements for biofabrication, requiring fast and disruptive innovation for processes and products to comply. Technological and scientific domains are underlying biofabrication ranging from biology to automated manufacturing and culture systems. Biofabrication is the generation of biologically functional products from living cells and biomaterials through bioprinting and subsequent maturation processes.
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